VISION IAS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY NOTES PDF
Author: VISION IAS
Size of File: 10MB
Number Of Pages: 84
Language: ENGLISH
Category : Science &Tech Technology
Page Quality: Good
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(May 2017 – February 2020)
Table of Contents
1. BIOTECHNOLOGY___________________4
1.1. Gene Therapy _____________________4
1.2. Genome Sequencing of Ragi __________4
1.3. Three Parents Baby _________________5
1.4. Stem Cells Therapy _________________6
1.5. Bio-Ink ___________________________6
1.6. Biotechnology in North East Region____7
1.7. Embryo Transfer Technology _________7
2. NANOTECHNOLOGY ________________9
2.1. Nanotechnology ___________________9
3. SPACE TECHNOLOGY _______________10
3.1. ISRO ____________________________10
3.1.1. Missions__________________________10
3.1.2. Launchers ________________________13
3.1.3. Satellite __________________________14
3.1.4. Space Activities Bill, 2017 ____________15
3.1.5. Village Resource Centres ____________16
3.1.6. Saraswati: A Supercluster of Galaxies __16
3.1.7. NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar
(NISAR)________________________________17
3.2. NASA ___________________________17
3.3. Other Space Related Developments___19
3.3.1. Blue Moon ________________________19
3.3.2. Meteor Shower ____________________20
3.3.3. Solar Flare ________________________21
3.3.4. Half of The Universe's 'Missing Matter' is
Finally Found ___________________________21
3.3.5. Bosons ___________________________22
3.3.6. India Neutrino Observatory (INO) _____22
3.3.7. Most Ancient Spiral Galaxy Found _____23
3.3.8. Spacex’s FaLcon Heavy Launched______23
3.3.9. Venus Satellite_____________________24
3.3.10. Water as Propellant in CubeSat ______24
3.3.11. The Removedebris Mission__________24
3.3.12. National Large Solar Telescope ______25
3.4. Important Terms Related to Space____25
4. DEFENCE TECHNOLOGY _____________27
4.1. Integrated Guided Missile Development
Plan (IGDMP) ________________________27
4.1.1. AGNI_____________________________27
4.1.2. PRITHVI __________________________27
4.1.3. NAG _____________________________27
4.1.4. Akash Missile _____________________ 28
4.1.5. Trishul Missile ____________________ 28
4.2. Other Missile Tests _______________ 28
4.2.1. BRAHMOS Tested From Andaman Islands28
4.2.2. Nirbhay Subsonic Cruise Missile ______ 29
4.2.3. Astra Missile ______________________ 29
4.3. Air Defence Systems ______________ 29
4.3.1. Advanced MRSAM _________________ 29
4.3.2. Endo-Atmospheric Interceptor Missile _ 30
4.3.3. Quick Reaction Surface-To-Air Missile
(QRSAM) ______________________________ 30
4.4. Surveillance Technologies __________ 30
4.4.1. NETRA___________________________ 30
4.4.2. Rustom-2 Drone___________________ 31
4.4.3. Muntra, India's First Unmanned Tank__ 32
4.5. Technological Developments in Navy_ 32
4.5.1. Scorpene Class Submarine___________ 32
4.5.2. Arihant Class Submarine ____________ 32
4.5.3. Project 28 ________________________ 33
4.5.4. First Indigenously Built Floating Dock __ 33
4.5.5. Naval Offshore Patrol Vehicle (NOPV) _ 33
4.6. Defence Related News ____________ 33
4.6.1. Comprehensive Integrated Border
Management System (CIBMS) _____________ 33
4.6.2. ‘SAMADHAN’ Doctrine for Naxal Violence34
4.6.3. Aaddhar Security __________________ 34
4.6.4. NTRO Under Intelligence Act_________ 35
4.6.5. Merger of NCRB with BPRD __________ 35
4.6.6. Creation of Space, Cyber and Special
Operations Commands __________________ 35
4.6.7. National Authority for Chemical Weapons
Convention (NACWC)____________________ 36
4.6.8. Thermobaric Bomb ________________ 37
4.6.9. Laser weapons system (LAWS) _______ 37
5. IT AND COMPUTER ________________38
5.1. Big Data ________________________ 38
5.2. Maharashtra’s Public Cloud Policy ___ 38
5.3. Block-Chain Technology ___________ 38
5.4. India Joins Quantum Computing Race 39
5.5. Supercomputers Pratyush and Mihir _ 40
5.6. Panel for AI Roadmap _____________ 40
5.6.1. Project Brainwave _________________ 41
5.6.2. Humanoid________________________ 41
5.7. Telecom Sector __________________ 41
5.7.1. Bharat Net Project _________________ 41
2
5.7.2. 5G_______________________________42
5.7.3. Free Space Optical Communication ____43
5.7.4. RFID _____________________________44
5.7.5. Tarang Sanchar Portal _______________44
5.7.6. TRAI Favours Net Neutrality __________45
5.8. Nation-Wide Hackathon
#OpenGovDataHack Launched __________45
5.9. Cyber Issues______________________46
5.9.1. NIC-CERT _________________________46
5.9.2. Budapest Convention _______________47
5.9.3. Digital Police Portal Under CCTNS _____48
5.9.4. Cyber-Security Index ________________48
5.10. World Congress on Information
Technology (WCIT) ____________________49
6. HEALTH__________________________50
6.1. Vector Borne Diseases _____________50
6.1.1. India and Zika Virus _________________50
6.1.2. Monkey Fever _____________________50
6.1.3. Elephantiasis ______________________51
6.1.4. Kala Azar _________________________51
6.1.5. Japanese Encephalitis (JE)____________52
6.2. Neglected Tropical Diseases _________52
6.2.1. National Deworming Mission _________52
6.3. Polio Vaccine _____________________53
6.4. Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV__53
6.5. Norovirus at Winter Olympics _______54
6.6. Bird Flu__________________________54
6.7. H1N1 Virus (Swine Flu) _____________55
6.8. Tuberculosis______________________55
6.9. Home Grown Vaccine for Leprosy:
Mycobacterium Indicus Pranii ___________56
6.10. Intensified Diarrhoea Control Fortnight
___________________________________56
6.11. First India-Designed Vaccine Passed Who
Test ________________________________56
6.12. New Developments in Non-
Communicable Diseases _______________57
6.12.1. India Hypertension Management Initiative
(IHMI)_________________________________57
6.12.2. Jeevan Bindi______________________57
6.12.3. Thalassemia______________________57
6.13. Antibiotic Resistance: WHO Revises
Antibiotics Protocol ___________________58
6.14. Plant diseases ___________________59
6.15. Fortified Foods to Tackle Malnutrition60
6.16. Milk Adulteration ________________60
7. PHARMACEUTICALS _______________61
7.1. Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients ___ 61
7.2. Price Cap on Knee Implants ________ 61
7.3. Digital Therapeutics or Digiceuticals _ 62
7.4. Use of Pet Bottles for Medicines ____ 62
7.5. Biosimilar for Cancer ______________ 62
7.6. National BioPharma Mission _______ 63
8. IPR _____________________________64
8.1. International Intellectual Property Index
2018_______________________________ 64
8.2. Geographical Indication ___________ 65
9. ALTERNATIVE ENERGY _____________67
9.1. Solar Technology _________________ 67
9.2. India's Three-Stage Nuclear Power
Programme _________________________ 67
9.3. Cold Fusion _____________________ 68
9.4. Graphene Based Battery ___________ 68
9.5. Lithium-Ion Battery _______________ 69
9.6. Artificial Leaf ____________________ 69
9.7. Supercritical CO2-Brayton Cycle _____ 69
10. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT _____71
10.1. India's Spending on R&D __________ 71
10.2. Prime Minister’s Research Fellowship
Scheme ____________________________ 72
10.3. ATL Community Day _____________ 72
10.4. Schemes for Brain Gain ___________ 73
10.5. Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhayay Vigyan Gram
Sankul Pariyojana ____________________ 73
11. AWARDS _______________________75
11.1. Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace,
Disarmament and Development, 2014 ___ 75
11.2. Nobel in Chemistry ______________ 75
11.3. Nobel Prize in Physics ____________ 75
11.4. Nobel Prize in Medicine __________ 76
12. RECENT DEVELOPMENT IN S&T _____77
12.1. Xfel generates First X-Ray Laser Light 77
12.2. Sohum-Hearing Screening Device
Launched___________________________ 77
3
12.3. New Matter ‘Excitonium’ Discovered_77
12.4. World’s Thinnest Hologram ________78
12.5. Raman Effect ____________________78
12.6. Triboelectric Nanogenerator _______78
13. MISCELLANEOUS _________________80
13.1. Jigyasa Initiative _________________80
13.2. Proposals for High-Tech Public Transport
___________________________________80
13.3. Private Participation in Defence_____80
13.4. India’s First Private Missile Production
Facility Unveiled ______________________81
13.5. Liquid Nitrogen in Food and Drinks __81
13.6. Novel Molecule to Treat Cancer - Disarib
___________________________________81
13.7. Bacteria Named After A P J Abdul Kalam
___________________________________81
13.8. Kalamsat ______________________ 81
13.9. CHESS _________________________ 82
13.10. HWASONG-15 _________________ 82
13.11. ATAGS _______________________ 82
13.12. KUNLONG_____________________ 82
13.13. Stratolaunch Plane _____________ 82
13.14. Smart Robo Cop________________ 82
13.15. Google Lunar Xprize ____________ 82
13.16. Chang’E 4 _____________________ 82
13.17. Gaia mission___________________ 82
13.18. TAbby's Star ___________________ 82
13.19. Kimberly Process Certification Scheme
___________________________________ 83
