PROFIT AND LOSS

COST PRICE: THE PRICE AT WHICH ARTICLE IS PURCHASED.ABBREVATED AS C.P.

SELLING PRICE: THE PRICE AT WHICH ARTICLE IS SOLD.

 

PROFIT OR GAIN:IF SP IS GREATER THAN CP,THE SELLING PRICE IS SAID TO HAVE PROFIT OR GAIN.

 

LOSS: IF SPIS LESS THAN CP,THE SELLER IS SAID TO INCURED A LOSS.

 

 

FORMULA

1.GAIN=(SP)-(CP).          2.LOSS=(CP)-(SP).

3.LOSS OR GAIN IS ALWAYS RECKONED ON CP

4. GAIN %={GAIN*100}/CP.

5.LOSS%={LOSS*100}/CP.

6.SP={(100+GAIN%) /100}*CP.

7.SP={(100-LOSS%)/100}*CP.

8.{100/(100+GAIN%)} *SP

9.CP=100/(100-LOSS%)}*SP

10.IF THE ARTICLE IS SOLD AT A GAIN OF SAY 35%, THEN SP =135% OF CP

11.IF A ARTICLE IS SOLD AT A LOSS OF SAY 35%. THEN SP=65% OF CP.

12.WHEN A PERSON SELLS TWO ITEMS,ONE AT A GAIN OF X% AND OTHER AT A LOSS OF X%.THEN THE SELLER ALWAYS INCURES A LOSS GIVEN:

{LOSS%=(COMON LOSS AND GAIN ) ²}/10.=(X/10) ²

13.IF THE TRADER PROFESSES TO SELL HIS GOODS AT CP BUT USES FALSE WEIGHTS,THEN

GAIN=[ERROR/(TRUE VALUE)-(ERROR)*100]%

SOLVED PROBLEMS

 

ex.1 A man buys an article for rs.27.50 and sells it for rs.28.50. find his gain %.

sol. cp=rs27.50, sp=rs 28.50

gain=rs(28.50 –27.50)=rs1.10

so gain%={(1.10/27.50)*100}=4%

 

 

Ex.2. If the a radio is sold for rs 490 and sold for rs 465.50.find loss%.

sol. cp=rs490,sp= 465.50.

loss=rs(490-465.50)=rs 24.50.

loss%=[(24.50/490)*100]%=5%

 

Ex.3.find S.P when

(i)CP=56.25,gain=20%.

sol.

  (i)SP =20% of rs 56.25 ,=rs{(120/100)*56.25}=rs67.50.

 

(ii)CP=rs 80.40,loss=5%

 sol: sp=85% of rs 80.40

=rs {(85/100)*80.40}=rs 68.34.

 

 ex.4 find cp when:

• sp =rs 40.60 : gain=16%
• sp=rs51.70:loss=12%

 

• cp=rs{(100/116)*40.60}=rs 35.
• cp=rs{(100/88)*51.87}=rs58.75.

 

 

ex.5 A person incures loss for by selling a watch for rs1140.at what price should the watch be sold to earn a  5% profit ?

 

sol.  let the new sp be rsx.then

           (100-loss%) : (1^st  sp)=(100+gain%) (2^nd sp)

• {(100-5)/1400}={(100+5)/x}=> x={(105*1140)/95} =1260.
•  

ex.6 A book was sold for rs 27.50 with a profit of 10%. if it were sold for rs25.75, then what would be % of profit or loss?

 

                        sol. SP=rs 27.50: profit =10%.

                  sol. CP=rs {(100/110)*27.50}=rs 25.

           When sp =Rs25.75 ,profit =Rs(25.75-25)=Rs 0.75

                       

Profit%={(0.75/25)*100}%=25/6%=3%

 

Ex7 .If the cost price is 96% of sp then whqt is the profit %

                     Sol. sp=Rs100 : then cp=Rs 96:profit =Rs 4.

                     Profit={(4/96)*100}%=4.17%

Ex.8. The cp of 21 articles is equal to sp of 18 articles.find gain or loss %

               CP of each article be Rs 1

                CP of 18 articles =Rs18 ,sp of 18 articles =Rs 21.

                     Gain%=[(3/18)*100]%=50/3%

 

Ex.9 By selling 33 metres of cloth , one gains the selling price of 11 metres . Find the gain percent .

Sol:

(SP of 33m)-(CP of 33m)=Gain=SP of 11m

SP of 22m = CP of 33m

Let CP of each metre be Re.1 , Then, CP of 22m= Rs.22,SP of 22m=Rs.33.

Gain%=[(11/22)*100]%=50%

 

Ex10 A vendor bought bananas at 6 for Rs.10 and sold them at Rs.4 for Rs.6 .Find his gain or loss percent .

Sol:

Suppose , number of bananas bought = LCM of 6 and 4=12

CP=Rs.[(10/6)*12]=Rs.20  ; SP= Rs[(6/4)*12]=Rs.18

Loss%=[(2/20)*100]%=10% 

 

                                               

Ex.11. A man brought toffees at for a rupee. How many for a rupee must he sell to gain 50%?

Sol. C.P of 3 toffees=Re 1; S.P of 3 toffees =150% of Re.1=3/2.

    For Rs.3/2, toffees sold =3, for Re.1, toffees sold = [3*(2/3)] = 2.

 

Ex. 12.A grocer purchased 80 kg of sugar at Rs.13.50 per kg and mixed it with 120kg sugar at Rs.16per kg. At what rate should he sell the mixer to gain 16%?

Sol .C.P of 200 kg of mixture = Rs. (80 * 13.50+120*16) = Rs.3000.

       S.P =116% 0f Rs.3000 =Rs.[(116/200) *3000]=Rs.3480.

\ Rate of S.P of the mixture =Rs.[3480/200] per kg =Rs.17.40 per kg.

 

Ex.13. Pure ghee cost Rs.100 per kg. After adulterating it with vegetable oil costing Rs.50 per kg,  A shopkeeper sells the mixture at the rate of Rs.96 per kg, thereby making a profit of 20%.In What ratio does he mix the two?

 Sol. Mean cost price =Rs. [ (100/120)*96 ] =Rs.80 per kg.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

        By the rate of allegation :

        C.P of 1kg ghee                                                     C.P of 1kg oil

           100                                                                                   50

 

 

                                                  Mean price

                                                        80

 

 

 

• 20

 

              \ Required ratio =30:20 =3:2.

 

 Ex. 14.  A dishonest dealer professes to sell his goods at cost price but uses a weight of 960 gms  for a kg weight .  Find his gain percent.

Sol .Gain% =[                 Error       *100    ]% =  [(40/960)*100] % = 4 1 %                      

                          (error value)-(error)                                                              6

 

 

 Ex 15. If the manufacturer gains 10%,the wholesale dealer 15% and the retailer 25%         ,then find the cost of production of a ,the retail price of which is Rs.1265?

 

Sol:

  Let the cost of production of the table be Rs x

 The ,125% of 115% of 110% of x=1265

• 125/100*115/100*110/100*x=1265=>253/160*x=>1265=>x=(1265*160/253)=Rs.800

Ex16 . Monika purchesed a pressure cooker at 9/10^th of its selling price and sold it at 8% more than its S.P .find her gain percent.

 

Sol:

      Let the s.p be Rs. X .then C.P = Rs.9x/10,Receipt=108% of rs.x=Rs 27x/25

     Gain=Rs (27x/25*9x/10)=Rs(108x-90x/100)=Rs18x/100

Gain%=(18x/100*10/9x*100)%=20%

 

Ex .17 An article is sold at certain price. By selling it at 2/3 of its price one losses 10%,find the gain at original price ?

 

sol:

     let the original s.p be Rs x. then now S.P=Rs2x/3,loss=10%

    now C.P=Rs20x/27*27/20x*100)%=35%

Ex .18. A tradesman sold an article at a loss of 20%.if the selling price has been increased by Rs100,ther would have been a gain of 5%.what was the cost price of the article?

Sol:

    Let C.P be Rs x. then (105% of x)-(80 % of x)=100 or 25% of x=100

• x/4=100 or x=400
• so,C.P =Rs 400

Ex 19. A man sells an article at a profit of 25%if he had bought it 20% less and sold it for  Rs 10.50 less,he would have gained 30%find the cost price of the article.

  Sol:

      Let the C.P be Rs x

      1^st S.P=125% of x =125x/100=5x/4;2^nd S.P=80% of x=80x/100=4x/5

      2^nd S.P=130% of 4x/5=(130/100*4x/5)=26x/25

    =>5x/4-26x/25=10.50óx=(10.50*100)/21=50

hence C.P=Rs.50

Ex 20.The price of the jewel,passing through three hands,rises on the whole by65%.if the first and the second sellers 20%and25% profit respectively find the percentage profit earned by the third seller.

   Sol:

        Let the orginal price of the jewel be Rs p and let the profit earned  by the thrid seller be x%

Then,(100+x)% of 125% OF 120% OF P=165% OF P

• ((100+X)/100*125/100*120/100*P)=(165/100*P)
• (100+X)=(165*100*100)/(125*120)=110=>X=10%

Ex21 . A man 2 flats for Rs 675958 each.on one he gains 16% while on the other he losses 16%. How much does he gain/loss in the whole transaction?

 Sol:

     In this case there will be alwalys loss. The selling price is immaterial

  Hence, loss % = (common loss and gain%)² /10=(16/10)%=(64/25)%=2.56%

Ex.22. A dealer sold three-fourth of his article at a gain of 20% and remaining at a cost price. Find the gain earned by him at the two transcation.

 Sol:

     Let the C.P of the whole be Rs x

 C.P of 3/4^th =Rs 3x/4,C.P of 1/4^th =Rs x/4

• total S.P=Rs [(120%of 3x/4)+x/4]=Rs(9x/10+x/4)=Rs 23x/20
• gain=Rs(23x/20-x)=Rs 3x/20
• gain%=3x/20*1/x*100)%=15%

Ex 23 ..A man bought a horse and a car riage for Rs 3000.he sold the horse at a gain of 20% and the carriage at a loss of 10%,thereby gaining 2% on the whole.find the cost of the horse.

Sol:

    Let the C.p of the horse be Rs.x, then C.P of the carriage =Rs(3000-x)

20% of x-10% of(3000-x)=2% of 3000

• x/5-(3000-x)/10=60=.2x-3000+x=600=.3x+3600=>x=1200
• hence,C.P of the horse =Rs 1200

Ex 24  find the single discount equivalent to a series discount of 20% ,10% and 5%’

sol:

     let the marked price be Rs 100

then ,net S.P=95% of 90% of 80% of Rs 100

                      =Rs(95/100*90/100*80/100*100)=Rs68.40

Ex .25 After getting 2 successive discounts, a shirt with a list price of Rs 150 is available at Rs 105. If the second discount is 12.55,find the first discount.

Sol:

   Let the first discount be x%

  Then,87.5% of (100-x)% of 150= 105

• 5/100*(100-x)/100*450=150=>105=>100-x=(105*100*100)/(150*87.5)=80
• x=(100-80)=20
• first discount = 20%

Ex .26 An uneducated retailar marks all its goods at 50% above the cost price and thinking that he will still make 25% profit,offers a discount of 25% on the marked price.what is the actual profit on the sales?

Sol:

    Let C.P =Rs 100.then ,marked price =Rs100

S.P=75% of Rs 150=Rs112.50

Hence,gain%=12.50%

Ex27 .A retailer buys 40 pens at the market price of 36 pens from a wholesaler ,if he sells these pens giving a discount of 1% ,what is the profit % ?

 sol:

      let the market price of each pen be Rs 1

 then,C.P of 40 pens = Rs 36 S.P of 40 pens =99% of Rs 40=Rs 39.60

profit %=((3.60*100)/36) %=10%

Ex 28 . At what % above C.P must an article be marked so as to gain 33% after allowing a customer a discount of 5%?

Sol

      Let C.P be Rs 100.then S.P be Rs 133

Let the market price be Rs x

 Then 90% of x=133=>95x/100=133=>x=(133*100/95)=140

Market price = 40% above C.P

Ex .29 . When a producer allows 36% commission on retail price of his product, he earns a profit of 8.8%. what would be his profit % if the commision is reduced by 24%?

 Sol:

    Let the retail price =Rs 100.then, commission=Rs 36

S.P=Rs(100-36)=Rs 64

But, profit=8.8%

C.P=Rs(100/108.8*64)=Rs 1000/17

New commission =Rs12. New S.P=Rs(100-12)Rs 88

Gain=Rs(88-1000/17)=Rs 496/17

Gain%=(496/17*17/1000*100)%=49.6%